We know it’s challenging because if we can’t swim, we’re more likely to have children that can’t swim, and unfortunately that can result in death.”Ģ5th International President of Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., Rasheeda S. With drowning deaths, we made a focus to ensure that our young people can get in the water. We hope to commit some pools in our name as we go forth for our centennial because we don’t have pools in our communities. “We have ‘Swim 1922.’ ‘Swim 1922’ is huge for us it’s unique for us. Our ‘Women’s Wellness’ focuses on heart health, diabetes, breast cancer, mental health awareness,” said Liberty. We have to take care of ourselves in order to take care of the world. “Our primary, overarching focus is really about healthy living, healthy lives, healthy generations but, we start with women’s wellness. Sigma Gamma Rho has five different “National Programs”: “Operation BigBookBag,” “Women’s Wellness Initiative,” “Swim 1922,” “Project Cradle Care” and the “Annual Youth Symposium.” Each program targets a specific area of assistance that the sorority will be a part of and help facilitate for surrounding communities. “Greater Service, Greater Progress” isn’t just the sorority’s slogan, it’s their mission. “We actually had our first stop at Tennessee State University, where we were featured on their Jumbotron, and we handed out book bags with the Alpha Beta chapter.” We’re about programs service to our communities,” said Liberty. ![]() “We have five regions across the sisterhood, and in those five regions, we are doing what we call a ‘Central Service Tour’ because that’s what we’re about. ![]() The biggest event will take place in Indianapolis. As part of their celebration, the sorority has events planned in five different locations throughout the year, including Chicago, Los Angeles, Atlanta, and New Orleans.
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John-Anthony Disotto is the How To Editor of iMore, ensuring you can get the most from your Apple products and helping fix things when your technology isn’t behaving itself. Check out Everything you need to know about iOS 16 to learn more about what the latest major iPhone software has to offer. IOS 16 is filled with features that improve your iPhone experience, including Lock Screen customization and better Maps. If you want to get done sooner, then the fastest way is by updating with a Mac or PC through Finder/iTunes. The easiest way is definitely over-the-air, but it isn't always the fastest. Enter the Passcode on your iPhone if promptedĪs you can see, the process for getting iOS 16.3.1 on your iPhone is very easy and straightforward.Click on Check for Update in the Summary pane.Under Finder, click on the device icon at the top left to go to the device tab.Plug your iPhone in using your USB to Lightning.Simply connect your iPhone via USB and head to Finder on MacOS Catalina and newer. If you have limited space on your device or Software Update isn't working for whatever reason, you can update using your Mac. However, its detailed audiovisuals and its balanced difficulty make it suitable for fans of that genre who want to have a change from the same old characters.How to install the iOS update using your Mac ![]() Looney Tunes Dash! doesn't really stand out because of originality, and it's still the same game as Subway Surfers or Sonic Dash, but with Warner Bros. ![]() Without a doubt, this is a clear example of a game that faithfully adapts the license it is based on. Looney Tunes Dash! also impresses with its acoustics: melodies that remind us of our childhood and very convincing character voices. All the levels are colorful and detailed, and they include various references to Warner's short animations (such as ACME brand products), as well as all the franchise's characters, of course - both primary and luxury secondary ones, like Porky Pig or The Tasmanian Devil. Looney Tunes Dash! stands out because of the flamboyant graphics it flaunts on your smartphone. Looking for a challenge? Take the difficult path and get high scores. Feeling lazy? Choose the easy option and complete the level without further ado. Every mission has different pathways you can take: some are simpler and others more complicated, with more obstacles. One novelty this game has, in relation to others, is that, in a way, you decide your level of difficulty. ![]() You'll also be able to play better if you know how to correctly apply enhancers to your characters and if you collect help items along the way that will give you more points or coins. It involves using the touchscreen to move left, right and to the center of the screen, as well as to duck or jump. The gameplay of Looney Tunes Dash! isn't new for those of us who are used to endless runner games. With a bit of skill and, above all, by spending the coins you get on the scene on enhancers and power-ups, you'll be able to play for quite a while without having to recharge your lives. Luckily, the missions are not very complicated. Similar to Candy Crush, if you don't complete a mission, the game will take a life away from you and when you lose all of the five lives you have, you'll have to wait until you can play again (or pay, of course). This makes the game more agile and less frustrating, although there is a limit of lives. Unlike Subway Surfers, Looney Tunes Dash! doesn't have levels that are endless, but rather every phase is completed successfully if you manage to fulfill the objective given, such as getting home. As if that wasn't enough, the surroundings won't make it easy for you, as they're full of obstacles. Just like in Subway Surfers, a classic game of the genre, your enemy will force you to run so you don't get caught and end the game. With its good writing and talented cast, the show was good comedy, and soon became a commercial success. Moreover, the denunciation of Amos 'n Andy was not universal. To network executives, the show was harmless, not much different from Life with Liugi, The Goldbergs, or any other ethnically oriented show of the times. The organization outlined a list of specific items it felt were objectionable, for example, how "every character is either a clown or a crook," "Negro doctors are shown as quacks," and "Negro lawyers are shown as crooks." As the series appeared in June 1951, the NAACP appeared in federal court seeking an injunction against its premiere. The NAACP, bolstered by its 1951 summer convention, mandated an official protest of the program. Especially abhorred was the portrayal of black professionals. Neither The Kingfish nor Sapphire Stevens could engage in a conversation without peppering their speech with faulty grammar and mispronunciations. To some, the characters in Amos 'n Andy, including rude, aggressive women and weak black men were offensive. ![]() They were determined to realize improved images of themselves in popular culture. The frequent appearance of black stars on early television variety shows was met with approval from black leadership.Īfrican-Americans were still exuberant over recent important gains in civil rights brought on by World War II. To them, the medium could nullify the decades of offensive caricatures and ethnic stereotyping so prevalent throughout decades of motion picture history. Post World War II African-Americans looked upon the new medium of television with hopeful excitement. black characters could be lawyers, teachers and contributing members of society. American motion pictures presented its first glimpses of black soldiers fighting alongside their white comrades black entertainers appeared in sequined gowns and tuxedos instead of bandannas and calico dresses. Within black America, a new political consciousness and a new awareness of the importance of image had emerged." Though hardly void of the cruel insults and disparaging imagery of the past, Hollywood of the post World War II period ushered in an era of better roles and improved images for African-American performers in Hollywood. Media historian Donald Bogel notes "Neither CBS nor the programs' creators were prepared for the change in national temperament after the Second World War. Why did the Amos 'n Andy show go on to become one of the most protested of television programs? Eventually, the controversy surrounding the television version of Amos 'n Andy would almost equal that of the popularity of the radio version.Ĭontemporary television viewers might find it difficult to understand what all the clamor was about. The program's portrayal of black life and culture was deemed by the black community of the period as an insulting return to the days of blackface and minstrelsy. The basis for these characters was derived largely from the stereotypic caricatures of African-Americans that had been communicated through several decades of popular American culture, most notably, motion pictures. ![]() The adventures of Amos 'n Andy presented the antics of Amos Jones, an Uncle Tom-like, conservative Andy Brown, his zany business associate Kingfish Stevens, a scheming smoothie Lawyer Calhoun, an underhanded crook that no one trusted Lightnin,' a slow-moving janitor Sapphire Stevens, a nosey, loud-mouth Mama, a domineering mother-in-law, and the infamous Madame Queen. It was the first television series with an all-black cast (the only one of its kind to appear on prime-time, network television for nearly another twenty years). The position of the Amos 'n Andy show in television history is still debated by media scholars in recent books on the cultural history of American television.Īmos 'n Andy was first broadcast on CBS television in June 1951, and lasted some two years before the program was canceled in the midst of growing protest by the black community in 1953. The significance of Amos 'n Andy, with its almost thirty year history as a highly successful radio show, its brief, contentious years on network television, its banishment from prime-time and subsequent years in syndication, and its reappearance in video cassette format is difficult to summarize in a few paragraphs. Amos 'n' Andy was conceived by Freeman Gosden and Charles Correll, two white actors who portrayed the characters Amos Jones and Andy Brown by mimicking so-called Negro dialect. Like many of its early television counterparts, the Amos 'n' Andy television program was a direct descendent of the radio show that originated on WMAQ in Chicago on 19 March 1928, and eventually became the longest-running radio program in broadcast history. Use optionals when you might have an instance to return from a function, or you might not. Subscribe to Java SE and get the most comprehensive Java support available, with 24/7 global access to the experts. These downloads can be used for any purpose, at no cost, under the Java SE binary code license. You can even write concurrent code with simple, built-in keywords that define asynchronous behavior, making your code more readable and less error prone. Download the Java including the latest version 17 LTS on the Java SE Platform. If your device reboots to iOS 17 before the download is complete, simply repeat the steps above and put it back into Recovery Mode. Click Agree to accept the Terms and Conditions and start downloading iOS 16. Download XAMPP for Windows, Linux, and OS X. Click Next on the iOS 16 Software Updater. It supports intel (圆4) or Apple M1 (arm64) CPUs. A Native installer installs MariaDB, PHP, Perl, etc. Memory is managed automatically using tight, deterministic reference counting, keeping memory usage to a minimum without the overhead of garbage collection. For VMs: Mac OS X 10.6 or later and intel (圆4) CPU not supported on M1 (arm64) CPUs. To best support international languages and emoji, strings are Unicode-correct and use a UTF-8-based encoding to optimize performance for a wide variety of use cases. Inferred types make code cleaner and less prone to mistakes, while modules eliminate headers and provide namespaces. Even better, you don’t even need to type semi-colons. Named parameters are expressed in a clean syntax that makes APIs in Swift even easier to read and maintain. Swift is the result of the latest research on programming languages, combined with decades of experience building Apple platforms. ![]() On-demand app development companies focus to develop many games and offer amazing visual experiences. The game’s popularity stems from its colorful graphics, addictive gameplay, and engaging cooking challenges that range from fast food to exotic cuisines. What is the concept of Cooking Fever?Ĭooking Fever has become one of the most downloaded mobile games, with about 200 million downloads worldwide. Which restaurant makes the most money in Cooking Fever?
![]() The term optimism as thus extended would also include "meliorism", a word first used in print by Sully to designate the theory of those who hold that things are, indeed, bad, but that they can be better, and that it is in our power to increase the happiness and welfare of mankind.Īs an emotional disposition optimism is the tendency to look upon the bright and hopeful side of life, whereas pessimism gives a dark colouring to every event and closes the vistas of hope. Those, however, are to be classed as optimists who maintain that the world is on the whole good and beautiful, and that man can attain to a state of true happiness and perfection either in this world or in the next, and those who do not are pessimists. Between these extremes there are all shades of opinion, so that it is at times hard to classify philosophers. The term became current in the early part of the eighteenth century to designate the Leibnizian doctrine that this is the best of all possible worlds. Optimism (Latin optimus, best) may be understood as a metaphysical theory, or as an emotional disposition. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more all for only $19.99. Rescher’s book is dated, but it can still be helpful to beginning students.Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1967. ![]() Jolley covers the essentials of Leibniz’s philosophy in clear and straightforward prose and presents a compelling interpretation. London: Routledge, 2005.įor students new to Leibniz’s thought, this is the first book to consult. For students who read French, this is an excellent supplement to the introduction found in Jolley 2005. Paris: Gallimard, 2004.įichant’s introduction to some of Leibniz’s central philosophical writings constitutes a small monograph in itself: it lays out the fundamental issues of Leibniz’s metaphysics in a remarkably clear and insightful manner. “L’invention métaphysique.” In Discours de métaphysique Monadologie et autres textes. English translation of Le pli: Leibniz et le Baroque (Paris: Éditions de Minuit, 1988).įichant, Michel. Contains fascinating and insightful observations that one is unlikely to encounter in much of the rest of Leibnizian scholarship. London: Continuum, 2006.Ī look at Leibniz’s philosophy and his times. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1975.īroad’s book is a very clear introduction that covers the range of Leibniz’s metaphysical views.ĭeleuze, Gilles. One long first part (“la formation”) lays out Leibniz’s biography and philosophical development the second, shorter part treats “le système.” Originally published in 1962.īroad, Charlie Dunbar. Paris: Vrin, 2005.Īn excellent introduction to Leibniz’s thought, this book emphasizes the genesis of his philosophy. Deleuze 2006 is more broad ranging.īelaval, Yvon. The older introductions, Rescher 1967, Broad 1975, and Belaval 2005, are also good. If one can read French, then Fichant 2004 contains a remarkably clear and insightful introduction. Jolley 2005 is the most recent and also the best of these introductions in English. There is no reason for a student to read all of these works, but students should begin with at least one of the following. The following works should be considered as “first wave” readings-that is, as books and essays that students should consult first in their study of Leibniz’s thought. As this bibliography is intended principally for students of philosophy, his other work will largely be ignored, as well as scholarship on it. He was not just a philosopher, however, but was also a mathematician, natural philosopher, engineer, historian, lawyer, and diplomat of the first rank. ![]() It is for this reason that, while he is sympathetic to parts of the “modern” philosophy of René Descartes (b. 1596–d. 1650), Thomas Hobbes (b. 1588–d. 1679), and Benedict (Baruch) de Spinoza (b. 1633–d. 1677), he offers criticisms of it at the same time through the language and ideas of ancient and medieval philosophy. Leibniz was an eclectic philosopher he sought to draw out views that he thought were close to the truth and combine them in new ways to arrive at the most plausible picture of the world. While many if not all of these ideas have fallen out of favor, it is nevertheless the case that Leibniz’s arguments are deep and important and worth taking very seriously. He is perhaps best known to students of philosophy as an advocate of the principle of sufficient reason, the preestablished harmony of mind and body, philosophical optimism, and the doctrine of monads. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (b. 1646–d. 1716) was one of the greatest of the early modern “rationalist” philosophers. ![]() If she ends up working on many more games we'll just figure out some kind of list of 'what she ISN'T working on' to save on disclosure space. It's published by Humble Bundle.ĭisclosure: Cara Ellison, formerly of the RPS treehouse, is narrative designer on Void Bastards, among other projects like Vampire: Bloodlines 2. Void Bastards launches on Steam and Humble on May 29th, although the final price hasn't been announced yet. I'm hopeful that Blue Manchu have managed to hit that balance of constant pressure, learnability and chaos that only the best roguelikes have. Of course, ammo of that power level is rare, too. ![]() Some of these barely even count as guns, with the Clusterflak best used by just firing it into a room, slamming the door shut and waiting a few seconds for the explosions to stop. While there's a handful of standard guns to go in your primary, your big damage-dealer in the secondary slot tends to be more specific. After being first unveiled late in 2018, Humble Bundle and Blue Manchu have today announced the release date for the first-person action title Void Bastards. The combat in Void Bastards looks different from genre standard, too. In most cases, you can back out of a mission, but sometimes even that comes with its own resource costs. One thing that Blue Manchu have made clear is that sometimes a situation is just unfair, or you don't have the equipment to handle it. Alex Wiltshire had a chat about the game with Blue Manchu founder Jon Chey here, and it's pretty high on my list even though longer clips of the game feel wildly stressful. While I cannot scientifically confirm it, it does seem like the RPS treehouse has been buzzing with anticipation for Void Bastards for a while now. If all else fails, you can just seal doors shut and lock off areas of a ship you consider too harmful to risk entering.Īnd as that was a far-too-brief look at the game, here's an eighteen minute developer walkthrough, courtesy of IGN. You only have a few inventory slots to fill, so sometimes you'll have a gun wildly unsuited to a particular fight, prompting evasion or improvised tactics. Survival means scavenging resources from an assortment of spacecraft, and every bullet seems precious. Survive the mission and maybe there's freedom on the other side. ![]() See the announcement trailer below.įor those late to the party, Void Bastards has you playing as a procession of convicts used as expendable away-team fodder on an AI-run spaceship. Accessibility: 0 features documented (Tweet Developer ) Components: 3D First-Person and Cartoon. All of this wrapped up in a nifty comic-book aesthetic. Out Now: Mac, PC, PS4, Switch and Xbox One. Resources of all kinds are limited, and every shot fired on a mission is one that you might need later. Inspired by System Shock 2 and Bioshock (and from the design director on both), it's a darkly humoured stealthy FPS designed to force hard strategic decisions as you make your way across an FTL-esque star-map full of hazards. Void Bastards, the strategic roguelike-ish shooter from Blue Manchu now has a release date, broadcast to us through the uncaring depths of the internet: May 29th. ![]() ![]() Set stakes or other supports in place now. If botrytis blight was present the previous season, cover ground around your peony flowers with a thin (one-quarter inch) layer of sand and spray new shoots with Bordeaux mix or lime sulphur. Side dress plants with compost or aged manure. How to Care for Peony Bulbs Early Spring: Water well if spring rains don't do it for you. Choose these splendid flowers for your garden and you'll enjoy their colour, charm and sweet aromas for many years to come. They are outstanding as cut flowers and are favorites for elegant bridal bouquets. Peonies also make lovely companions to rosesof any colour. Layers of pink and white resemble a creamy parfait, while yellow and white bi-colours lend a cheery air. Or complement red and pink cultivars with bi-coloured peonies. Soft, pink peonies are a brilliant match to varieties with fully double white blooms. Elegant and stately standing alone, they can be truly spectacular mixed with other varieties. Shiny, attractive leaves stay green long after the peonies' flowers have gone, so they are well-suited for borders or walkways, especially in places where their fragrance may be enjoyed by passersby. Because these hardy perennials can live as long as 100 years, peony plants may be passed down through several generations. Although dividing is not necessary, it is possible to divide peonies plants and share them. They occasionally require staking, because the big, heavy flowers sometimes weigh down their stems. These stunning yet hardy plants don't mind chilly winters, rarely need fertilizer and are resistant to deer and disease. They thrive in zones 3 through 8 in full to part sun, and they grow up to 3 feet tall with magnificent 5- to 7-inch blooms. Peony bulbs and roots grow best in hardiness zones 3-8 with full to part sun, view our zone finder to make sure peonies are a good fit for your zone. Remarkably easy to care for, peonies are grown from tubers planted 2 inches deep and 3 to 4 feet apart in well-drained soil. Check on the plants regularly as they're developing and irrigate whenever the soil appears to be drying up. Pack the soil firmly around the roots and water well. Gardeners in the South looking to plant early-blooming peonies should wait until fall end, set the roots at a depth of 1 inch under the soil, and remember to provide them some cover against the sun. Set peony bulbs into the soil at a depth of 2-3 inches, making sure the eyes are facing the skies. Use your garden tools to space your peonies 3-4 feet apart in your garden. The addition of organic matter to the soil is always useful and advisable. Some peonies have a wonderful fragrance!įall is the ideal time of the year for planting peonies. Peonies are great centerpieces and excellent as cut flowers. They tend to do well in both full and partial sun, becoming ideal candidates for borders, walkways, hedges and some of those unsightly, desperately in need for a facelift spots of the garden. Peony plants relish slightly acidic soils (pH 6.5 to 7.0) with good drainage. They bloom in late spring or early in summer, delighting all that behold with their wondrous floral display. Peony flowers are large, showy and often fragrant, occuring in a glorious spectrum of colors including purple, red, white and yellow. An herbaceous perennial of the genus Paeonia, the Peony belongs to the family Paeoniaceae and comes to us from Asia, Europe and parts of Western North America. Try these large, delicate flowers yourself!Ī sublimely pleasant presence in every landscape, our wholesale peonies make it a breeze to grow peonies, as they respond brilliantly to the varied needs of modern-day garden decor & designs. Breck's peony wholesale collection is the best place to buy peonies. Peony flowers are popular for growing in the garden and decorating in the home, due to their sweet scent and large, double-bloomed flowers. Gurney's trademarks are registered trademarks of Gardens Alive! This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and Google Privacy Policy and Terms apply.The peony or paeony is a flowering plant in the genus Paeonia and are native to Asia, Europe and Western North America. ![]() Copyright © 2023 Gardens Alive!, d/b/a Gurney's Seed and Nursery Co. With this new operating system update, Cupertino is bringing an innovative anti-theft system to prevent iPhone users from losing their data to criminals once they have their devices stolen. AirDrop adds expanded contact-sharing options and the ability to share boarding passes, movie tickets, and other eligible passes by bringing two iPhones togetherīesides that, iOS 17.2.1 is likely the last update before Apple releases the forthcoming iOS 17.3 version to iPhone users.Removed from the iOS 17 beta period, the catch-up arrow lets you easily jump to your first unread message in a conversation.Spatial Video lets you capture videos with the iPhone 15 Pro series and then relive them on Apple Vision Pro.Translate option for the Action button on the iPhone 15 Pro series to quickly translate phrases or have a conversation with someone in another language.It offers journaling suggestions, filter bookmarked entries, schedule notifications, lock with Touch ID/Face ID, and more Journal app: Lets you write about the small moments and big events in your life to practice gratitude and improve your well-being.This iPhone update comes just after iOS 17.2, which brought several important features, such as: At this moment, it’s unclear what the changes are, but some iOS 17.2 users have reported issues with the iMessage app, so this might be one of the fixes. This important update brings improvements, bug fixes, and security enhancements. Before the year ends, Apple is releasing iOS 17.2.1 to iPhone users. ![]() A.Garcia Bits & Spurs Custom Orders and For Sale, Exclusively For A.Garcia Bits and Spurs. Also he never let anyone watch him work, always stopping if someone came into his workshop. The same fine craftsmanship that Garcia was known for nearly a century ago still exists in the products we sell today. Group Created Exclusively A.Garcia Bits & Spurs. This made his spurs very strong and popular with the local cowboys. All his spurs were hammered from one piece with the exception of the rowels. The two towns are close but not the same."ĭavid went on to say, "Adolph was self taught. Over time they closed the post office in Gilliland and the mail was delivered in Truscott which may be part of the confusion. I am 100% correct as we were his closest neighbor until the day he died. "Adolph Bayers did not live in Truscott, Texas he lived in Gilliland, Texas. His spurs and bits were popular with polo players as well as cowboys.ĭavid Navratil, shared a correction about the Texas town where Bayers lived. Most of the items he made were custom ordered and he kept extensive pattern records. He numbered the spurs with even style numbers and the bits with odd numbers. He make them from the early 1930s into the 1970s. This bit has 8' cheeks, 5 1/4 mouthpiece, engraved copper hood, copper cricket, copper strips in the back of the mouthpiece, 11' rein chains with a swivel in the. Bits, Spurs and Saddles were crafted there until 1957. It's easy to look at these cowboy tools for their function, but upon closer inspection, the expression of the individual makers comes alive and becomes art.Adolph Bayers made custom bits and spurs in Gilliland, Texas. When Guadalupe Garcia passed on his legacy was passed down to Les, Henry and Eddie, who moved the business to Salinas California. Garcia Bits made In USA Garcia Spurs made In USA Garcia Snaffle Bits made In USA Garcia Elko 'Legacy Line' U.S.A. He learned how to build bits and spurs mostly by watching others and picking up. Along with bits and spurs he has spent many hours building conchos, bridle buckles, belt buckles, trophy buckles, saddle silver, saddle hardware, jewelry, etc. By the 20th century, silver was au rigueur in the designs and contrasted Texas spurs with their nickel, copper, bronze and brass. Gary Wiggins has been a full time bit and spur maker since the mid 90s. Garcia Bits made In USA Garcia Spurs made In USA Garcia Snaffle Bits made In USA Garcia Elko 'Legacy Line' U.S.A. Try these: Garcia Bits Garcia Spurs Ranch Ropes Chaps and Chinks Hats Gift. While Texans remained loyal to their utilitarian, hard-working, simple styles, other western and rocky mountain makers like Phillips & Gutierrez and Rex Schnitger of Wyoming and Eddie Hulbert of Montana were beginning to add flourishes and designs unheard previously unheard of including ornate inlays, jinglebobs, double rowels and split Cheyenne heel bands. A.Garcia Bits & Spurs Custom Orders and For Sale, Exclusively For A.Garcia Bits and Spurs This Group was Created for the Purchase, Sale, and Custom Orders of A.Garcia Bits & Spurs. Home of the Original Garcia Bit & Spur Company. ![]() Later these individuals broadened and incorporated though legendary western saddleries like G S Garcia of Elko, Nevada, Messing & Sons of San Jose, California, and the Visalia Stock Saddle Company of San Francisco. Spanish colonial and early Mexican spurs transcended the mundane and utilitarian in both form and adornments as the fanciful and regal charro culture crept into the burgeoning California styles popularized by individual makers like Jose and Jesus Tapia (1831-1931), Atanasio Larios (1832-1895), Jose and Vicente Mardueno (1828-1933), the Hernandez family (1841-1900s), Albert Espinosa (1858-1937), J J and John Estrada (1931-1942) and Mike Morales (1888-1934), who were among the most popular independent makers of fine silver, enhanced iron bits and spurs. Mexican Vaqueros and later, Californios, became known for the more colorful and intricate designs that captured the eyes of both the onlookers and horsemen people who used them. However, before long, artists began adding silver, gold and other embellishments to enhance the look of both the horses and their riders. These earliest examples were simple, rugged, sensible strong and utilitarian. Though equestrian gear has been popular in Europe, South America and Mexico (Spanish Colonial) for centuries, many of the traditional early American Cowboy bits and spurs that helped settle the west originally came through the August Buermann Company founded in New Jersey in 1868. |
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